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安卓网络请求框架搭建Retrofit+OkHttp+RxJava+MVVM

Retrofit:网络请求框架

OkHttp3:Retrofit 底层网络请求库

RxJava2:响应式编程,处理异步流

MVVM 架构:解耦视图和数据逻辑

ViewModel + LiveData:生命周期感知组件

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🔧 一、依赖配置(build.gradle)

// Retrofit 核心
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0'

// OkHttp3 + 日志拦截器
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.12.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:4.12.0'

// RxJava2 + Retrofit 支持
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.21'
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.1.1'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.9.0'

// MVVM 架构核心
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0'
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel:2.6.2'
🧱 二、Retrofit 初始化封装(ApiClient.java)


import android.util.Log;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.logging.HttpLoggingInterceptor;
import retrofit2.Retrofit;
import retrofit2.adapter.rxjava2.RxJava2CallAdapterFactory;
import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;

/**
* @author xqm
* @date 2025/7/12 16:20
* @description https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/
* retrofit+okhttp
*/
public class ApiClient {
private static final String BASE_URL = "https://xxxxx/";
private static Retrofit retrofit;

public static Retrofit getInstance() {
if (retrofit == null) {
// 添加日志拦截器
HttpLoggingInterceptor logging = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
// HttpLoggingInterceptor logging = new HttpLoggingInterceptor(
// message -> Log.e("xqm", message) // 你可以自定义日志输出位置
// );
logging.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);

logging.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY); // 打印完整请求和响应

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.addInterceptor(new HeaderInterceptor())
.addInterceptor(logging)
.build();

retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(BASE_URL)
.client(client)
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) // Rx 支持
.build();
}
return retrofit;
}
}

🔐 三、自定义请求头拦截器(HeaderInterceptor.java)


import java.io.IOException;

import okhttp3.Interceptor;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

/**
* @author xqm
* @date 2025/7/12 16:21
* @description 用于自动在所有请求中附加 token 认证信息,可在登录成功后设置。
*/
public class HeaderInterceptor implements Interceptor {
private static String token = "";

public static void setToken(String t) {
token = t;
}

@Override
public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
Request.Builder builder = request.newBuilder()
.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
.addHeader("Authorization", token.isEmpty() ? "" : "Bearer " + token);

return chain.proceed(builder.build());
}
}



🔌 四、API 接口定义(ApiService.java)





import io.reactivex.Observable;
import retrofit2.http.Body;
import retrofit2.http.GET;
import retrofit2.http.POST;
import retrofit2.http.Query;

/**
* @author xqm
* @date 2025/7/12 16:20
* @description ApiService 接口定义
* 支持 GET 和 POST 请求
* 支持 @Query 参数和 @Body 参数
* 使用 RxJava 返回 Observable<T>
*/
public interface ApiService {

@GET("todos/1")
Observable<UserModel> getUserInfo();

@GET("access/auth/login")
Observable<UserModel> getlogin(@Query("username") String username, @Query("password") String password);

@POST("user/login")
Observable<LoginResponse> login(@Body LoginRequest request);
}



📦 五、数据访问封装(UserRepository.java)


import io.reactivex.Observable;

/**
* @author xqm
* @date 2025/7/12 16:21
* @description 将数据访问封装在 Repository 层,如网络请求,本地数据库访问等
*/
public class UserRepository {

private final ApiService api;

public UserRepository() {
api = ApiClient.getInstance().create(ApiService.class);
}

public Observable<LoginResponse> login(String username, String password) {
return api.login(new LoginRequest(username, password));
}

public Observable<UserModel> getUserInfo() {
return api.getUserInfo();
}

public Observable<UserModel> getLogin(String userName,String pwd) {
return api.getlogin(userName,pwd);
}
}



🧠 六、ViewModel 逻辑层(UserViewModel.java)



import io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable;
import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers;


/**
* @author xqm
* @date 2025/7/12 16:22
* @description 调用 Repository 提供的数据接口,处理线程调度和生命周期管理。
*/
public class UserViewModel extends BaseViewModel {
private final UserRepository repository = new UserRepository();

public void login(String username, String password, RxObserver<LoginResponse> observer) {
Disposable disposable = repository.login(username, password)
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribeWith(observer);
addDisposable(disposable);
}

public void getUserInfo(RxObserver<UserModel> observer) {
Disposable disposable = repository.getUserInfo()
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribeWith(observer);
addDisposable(disposable);
}

public void getLogin(String userName,String pwd,RxObserver<UserModel> observer) {
Disposable disposable = repository.getLogin(userName,pwd)
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribeWith(observer);
addDisposable(disposable);
}
}



🧼 七、BaseViewModel(统一管理 Disposable)


/**
* @author xqm
* @date 2025/7/12 16:22
* @description 避免内存泄漏,销毁 ViewModel 时自动清理订阅。
*/
public abstract class BaseViewModel extends ViewModel {
protected CompositeDisposable compositeDisposable = new CompositeDisposable();

protected void addDisposable(Disposable d) {
compositeDisposable.add(d);
}

@Override
protected void onCleared() {
compositeDisposable.clear();
super.onCleared();
}
}


🧪 八、自定义 Observer 示例(RxObserver)


/**
* @author xqm
* @date 2025/7/12 16:43
* @description 可自我管理订阅生命周期的 Observer,既能收数据,又能自己取消订阅
*/
import io.reactivex.observers.DisposableObserver;

public abstract class RxObserver<T> extends DisposableObserver<T> {
@Override
public void onNext(T t) {
onSuccess(t);
}

@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
onFailure(e);
}

@Override
public void onComplete() {}

public void onStart() {}

public abstract void onSuccess(T t);
public abstract void onFailure(Throwable e);
}


可以在回调里更新 UI,比如:
viewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this).get(UserViewModel.class);
viewModel.login(user, pwd, new RxObserver<LoginResponse>() {
@Override
public void onNext(LoginResponse response) {
if (response.getCode() == 200) {
// 登录成功
HeaderInterceptor.setToken(response.getToken());
Toast.makeText(context, "登录成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(context, "登录失败:" + response.getMsg(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Toast.makeText(context, "请求出错: " + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});

✅ 总结
层级 类名 作用
网络配置 ApiClient Retrofit 初始化,添加拦截器
拦截器 HeaderInterceptor 动态添加统一请求头
API 接口 ApiService 定义 Retrofit 请求
数据层 UserRepository 请求封装、解耦逻辑
ViewModel UserViewModel 调用 Repository 并分发到界面
Observer RxObserver 自定义网络回调处理逻辑
📁 项目目录结构

├── activity/ # UI 层 Activity 或 Fragment
├── model/ # 数据模型类(Bean)
├── network/ # 网络核心配置(Retrofit + 拦截器)
│ ├── ApiClient.java
│ ├── ApiService.java
│ ├── HeaderInterceptor.java
│ └── RxObserver.java
├── repository/ # 数据仓库层
│ └── UserRepository.java
├── viewmodel/ # ViewModel 层
│ ├── BaseViewModel.java
│ └── UserViewModel.java